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// field notes on geoscience & code

Bots on
the Ground

Automation, data, and geoscience — for practitioners who build things.

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The Closure Problem: When Going Up Forces Something to Come Down

Every whole-rock analysis sums to 100%. That single fact, which feels like trivial bookkeeping, breaks every Pearson correlation you ever computed on raw oxide percentages. The closure problem is the geochemist's first ghost, and it haunts modern data science wherever percentages live,...

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